GLEANINGS IN HEBREW: JESUS, JEWS, THE BIBLE AND THE BLACK MAN:

Jul 26, 2010

JESUS, JEWS, THE BIBLE AND THE BLACK MAN:

A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Compiled by RUNOKO RASHIDI
DEDICATED TO DR. CHARLES BUCHANAN COPHER

"According to my understanding of this conference, there is a thesis which defines its nature and purpose. That thesis is: `The black religious experience should be included in the curriculums of all Christian theological seminaries." -Dr. Charles B. Copher

Adamo, David Tuesday. The Place of Africa and Africans in the Old Testament and its Environment. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Information Service, 1986

Adamo, David Tuesday. Black Women in the Bible. n.p.: n.p., 1987.

Al-Mansour, Khalid Abdullah. The Destruction of Western Civilization, As Seen Through Islam, Christianity and Judaism. San Francisco: First African Arabian Press, 1982.

Ammi, Ben. God, The Black Man and Truth. Chicago: Communicators Press, 1982.

"Artists Portray a Black Christ." Ebony (April 1971).

Barashango, Ishakamusa. God, the Bible and the Black Man's Destiny: A Treasury of Biblical, Historical and Scientific Facts. Washington, D.C.: IVth Dynasty, 1982.

Barashango, Ishakamusa. Afrikan Genesis: Amazing Stories of Man's Beginning. Washington, D.C.: IVth Dynasty, 1991.

Ben-Jochannan, Yosef A.A. African Origins of the Major Western Religions. 1970; rpt. Baltimore: Black Classical Press, 1991.

Ben-Jochannan, Yosef A.A. A Chronology of the Bible: A Challenge to the Standard Version. New York: Alkebu-lan, 1973.

Ben-Jochannan, Yosef A.A. The Black Man's Religion, and Extracts and Comments from the Holy Black Bible. New York: Alkebu-lan, 1974.

Ben-Jochannan, Yosef A.A. We the Black Jews, Witness to the `White Jewish Race' Myth, 2 Vols. New York: Alkebu-lan, 1983.

Bennett, Robert A., Jr. "Africa and the Biblical Period." Harvard Theological Review 64 (1971): 483-500.

"BBB Interviews Dr. Yosef ben-Jochannan" Black Books Bulletin 5, No. 4 (1977): 32-36

"BBB Interview Prince Asiel ben-Israel." Black Books Bulletin 5, No. 4 (1977): 38-41

Blyden, Edward Wilmot. Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race. London: W.B. Whittingham, 1888.

Boyd, Paul C. The African Origin of Christianity, Vol. 1: A Biblical and Historical Account. London: Karis Press, 1991.

Brown, Tony. "What Color is Jesus?" Herald-Despatch, 21 Dec 1989: A-4.

Clarke, John Henrik. "The Boy Who Painted Christ Black." Brothers and Sisters: Modern Stories by Black Americans. Edited by Arnold Adoff. New York: Dell, 1975: 44-62.

Cleage, Albert B., Jr. Black Christian Nationalism: New Directions for the Black Church. New York: William Morrow, 1972.

Clegg, Legrand H. II. "Was Jesus Christ Black?" Sepia (Dec 1980): 10-17.

Copher, Charles B. "The Black Man in the Biblical World." Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center 1, No. 2 (1974): 7-16.

Copher, Charles B. "Blacks and Jews in Historical Interaction: The Biblical/African Experience." Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center 3, No. 1 (1975): 9-16.

Copher, Charles B. "Egypt and Ethiopia in the Old Testament."
Nile Valley Civilizations: Proceedings of the Nile Valley Conference, Atlanta, Sept. 26-30. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1984: 163-78.

Copher, Charles B. "Three Thousand Years of Biblical Interpretation with Reference to Black Peoples." Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center 13, No. 2 (1986): 225-46.

Copher, Charles B. "Bible Characteristics, Events, Places and Images Remembered and Celebrated in Black Worship." Journal of Interdenominational Theological Center 14, Nos. 1-2 (1986-87): 75-86.

Copher, Charles B. Black Biblical Studies: An Anthology of Charles B. Copher (Biblical and Theological Issues on the Black Presence in the Bible). Chicago: Black Light Fellowship, 1993

Darkwah, Doris. "The Role of Africa in the Rise of Judaism." Black Books Bulletin 5, No. 4 (1977): 6-11.

Dillard, William Larue. Biblical Ancestry Voyage: Revealing Facts of Significant Black Characters. Foreword by O.C. Jones. Morristown: Aaron Press, 1989.

Drake, J.G. St. Clair. "The Black Experience in Medieval European Christendom." Section in Black Folk Here and There: An Essay in History and Anthropology, Vol. 2. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, UCLA, 1990: 185-202.

Drake, J.G. St. Clair. "Blackness in the Christian Synthesis of Judaic and Greco-Roman Traditions." Section in Black Folk Here and There: An Essay in History and Anthropology, Vol. 2. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, UCLA, 1990: 203-26.

Dunston, Alfred G., Jr. The Black Man in the Old Testament and its World. Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1974.

Felder, Cain Hope. Troubling Biblical Waters: Race, Class, and Family. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1989.

Finch, Charles S. Echoes of the Old Darkland: Themes from the African Eden. Decatur: Khenti, Inc., 1991.

Fuller, Hoyt W. "An Interview: The Original Hebrew Israelite Nation." Black World 24, No. 7 (1975): 62-85.

Hansberry, William Leo. "Historical Facts Challenge Notion that Christianity is the Religion of the West." Ebony (Jan 1965).

Hayne, Joseph Elias. The Negro in Sacred History, Or, Ham and His Immediate Descendants. Charleston: Hayne, 1887

Holly, Alonzo Potter. God and the Negro: Synopsis of God and the Negro of the Biblical Record or the Race of Ham. Foreword by William V. Tunnell. Nashville: National Baptist Publishing Board, 1937.

Hyman, Mark. Blacks Who Died for Jesus: A History Book. Philadelphia: Corrective Black History Books, 1983.

Jackson, John G. The African Origin of Christianity. Chicago: L. & P., 1981.

Jackson, John. G. "Egypt and Christianity." Egypt Revisited. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1982: 65-80.

Jackson, John G. Was Jesus Christ A Negro? and The African Origin of the Myths and Legends of the Garden of Eden. Chicago: MASS, Inc., 1984.

Jackson, John G. Christianity Before Christ. Austin: American Atheist Press, 1985.

Johnson, John L. The Black Biblical Heritage: Four Thousand Years of Black Biblical History. Rev. ed. Nashville: Winston-Derek, 1993.

McCray, Walter Arthur. The Black Presence in the Bible: Discovering the Black and African Identity of Biblical Persons and Nations. Chicago: Black Light Fellowship, 1990.

McCray, Walter Arthur. The Black Presence in the Bible and the Table of Nations Genesis 10:1-32 with Emphasis on the Hamitic Genealogical Line from a Black Perspective. Chicago: Black Light Fellowship, 1990.

McKissic, William Dwight, Sr. Beyond Roots: In Search of Blacks in the Bible. Foreword by Anthony T. Evans. Wenoah, NJ: Renaissance Productions, 1990.

McKissic, William Dwight, Sr., and Anthony T. Evans. Beyond Roots II, If Anybody Ask You Who I Am: A Deeper Look at Blacks in the Bible. Foreword by Roland G. Hardy, Jr. Wenonah, NJ: Renaissance Productions, 1994.

Moseley, William. What Color Was Jesus? Introductions by Frank M. Reid III and Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr. Chicago: African American Images, 1987.

One-Hundred Amazing Facts on the African Presence in the Bible. Nashville: Winston-Derek, 1992.

Paris, Hilu. "Africa and the Bible." Appendix to Black Christian Nationalism: New Directions for the Black Church, Albert B. Cleage, Jr. New York: Morrow, 1972: 275-81.

Person-Lynn, Kwaku. "The Nicene Conference: Foundations of the Bible." Los Angeles Sentinel, 17 Jan 1991: A-8.

Person-Lynn, Kwaku. "Original Jews Were Black." Los Angeles Sentinel, 4 April 1991: A-8.

Poinsett, Alex. "The Quest for a Black Christ." Ebony (March 1969).

Rhoades, F.S. Black Characters and References of the Holy Bible. New York: Vantage Press, 1980.

Saakana, Amon Saba, ed. The Afrikan Origins of the Major World Religions. London: Karnak House, 1988.

Scobie, Edward. "African Popes." African Presence in Early Europe. Edited by Ivan Sertima. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 96-107.

Walsh, Martin de Porres. The Ancient Black Christians. San Francisco: Julian Richardson, 1969.

Watterman, Kathy Ann. "In Search of Black Characters in the Bible." Los Angeles Times, 28 Nov 1989: E11.

Watts, Daud Mailk. The Black Presence in the Lands of the Bible. Washington, D.C.: Afro-Vision, 1990.

Williams, Larry Obadele, and Moses L. Buie. Africans in Biblical Heritage and Historiography: A Research Source Guide. Atlanta: Ipet Isut, 1989.

Windsor, Rudolph R. From Babylon to Timbuktu: A History of the Ancient Black Races Including the Black Hebrews. New York: Exposition Press, 1969.

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Copyright © 1998 Runoko Rashidi. All rights reserved.
Revised: November 04, 2000.
Source: http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/bible.html

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HEBREW ROOTS: Claiming My Heritage

"The Ashanti people of West Africa are descendants of group of people who used to live in an ancient city named Ashan. The "ti" on the end of the name Ashan means "children of", which makes the Ashanti people children of Ashan. This city is first written about by the prophet Joshua in chapter fifteen of his book. Joshua 15 discusses the territory /cities of the kingly tribe of Judah. Verse one says 'This then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by their families...etc.' Joshua goes on to give the borders and boundaries of Judah. Verse 20 says 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families.' From this point Joshua begins to name the families that make up the kingly tribe of Judah. In verse 42 the city of Ashan is listed as one of the families.

The people of Ashan left Israel between the years 70 and 135 C.E. to escape Roman persecution. The children of Ashan traveled south-west across the Egyptian desert (i.e.. The Sinai) down through Ethiopia and then west across L. Chad, Nigeria and finally settling in the "Gold Coast of West Africa" south of the Upper Volta. Throughout their travels and encounter with other kingdoms the Ashanti people lost various parts of their Judaic faith including the Torah the Prophets and the Holy Writings. When the Ashanti arrived in West Africa all they had left was the oral laws and a few traditions. The Ashanti established a West African Jewish kingdom that stretched from the below the Upper Volta to modern day Angola.

The Ashanti are not the only African tribe of people who share this peculiar history. There is also the Yoruba, Ewe, Bantu, Fulani, the people of the Songhois kingdom and the Ibo of Nigeria as well as many, many more."

Conclusions drawn from HEBREWISMS OF WEST AFRICA
Joseph J. Williams
This extract was taken from an undisclosed titled paper

"These facts have peculiar significance when the presence of Judaism among American Negroes is to be considered. Hundreds of thousands of slaves were brought to America from this Western Africa during the days of the traffic, beginning nearly four hundred years ago." The author also shares: “How much more of Judaism survived among West African Negroes in that earlier time? As persecuted communities, they were rather more in danger than other Negroes of being raided by war parties and sold as slaves. It may be considered certain that many partially Judaized Negroes were among the slaves in America. How many of them might still hold some Jewish customs in their new is another question."

THE LOST TRIBES A MYTH: SUGGESTIONS TOWARDS REWRITING HEBREW HISTORY
Dr. Allen H. Godbey

"And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you."

THE HOLY BIBLE
Authorized King James Version

Israel: Mind-Shaking Facts

The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1925 edition, Vol. 5, page 41, states "Edom is in modern Jewry."

H. G. Wells, in his classic work OUTLINE OF HISTORY verifies that millenniums ago the Edomites became "Jews." But then he goes on and gives us another trail to follow in correctly identifying the people today "who call themselves Jews." He says that these "Idumeans" joined with a "Turkish" people of Southern Russia (the Khazars), who also "became Jews," and BOTH make up the present day "Jews." Mr. Wells concludes, "The main part of Jewry NEVER WAS IN JUDEA AND HAD NEVER COME OUT OF JUDEA!"

Prof. Roland B. Dixon, of Harvard, wrote in 1923, "The most important single factor, however, in the differentiation of these Jews of the Asiatic borderland...WAS THE CONVERSION TO Judaism IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY OF THE KHAZARS. In these (Khazars )...We may in all probability see the origin of the great mass of the east European Jews of today."

Arthur Koestler, in THE THIRTEENTH TRIBE, p. 16, states, "Majority of Eastern European Jews are Khazar and Japhetic in origin, not Semitic."

...With that said, let us consider these facts:

Flavius Josephus, in his ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, says in Book XI, Chapter V, "Wherefore there are but two tribes in Asia and Europe subject to the Romans, while the ten tribes are beyond the Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers."

Isaac Leiser, in THE JEWISH RELIGION, Vol. 1, page 256, writes, "By this return of the captives (from Babylon) the Israelite nation was not restored, SINCE THE TEN TRIBES...WERE YET IN BANISHMENT."

The 1905 JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, Vol. 21, page 249 reads: "If the Ten Tribes have disappeared, they must exist UNDER A DIFFERENT NAME."

THE JEWISH CHRONICLE, May 2, 1879: "There has always been, however, an unwillingness to admit that a fate which has befallen so many nations has overtaken the Ten Tribes. Why should they have been less tenacious of life than their brethren of Judah? Nay, the Scriptures speak of a future restoration of Israel, which is clearly to include both Judah and Ephraim. THE TEN TRIBES ARE CERTAINLY IN EXISTENCE, ALL THAT HAS TO BE DONE IS TO DISCOVER WHICH PEOPLE REPRESENT THEM." (emphasis added .)

Hence, this is my objective to IDENTIFY them.

"...for there is nothing covered that shall not be revealed: and hid, that shall not be known. What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on the housetops" (Jesus the Messiah of Israel, in Matthew 10:26,27)

Strength For The Journey

"Black Americans now are in position as never before in modern history to rediscover, and reclaim if they wish, a heritage which has profoundly influenced world history and mankind: the Hebrew heritage of Black Africa."

-Steven Jacobs, European Jewish historian
Author of The Hebrew Heritage of Black Africa: Fully Documented

"And wait until you see what He’s (God) going to do with Israel. He’s going to stun the world, that’s what. What could be more spiritual than Israel coming into her promised kingdom? Man, don’t let anybody spiritualize away that blessed truth. That truth is spiritual!"

-Martin Zender
Author of the short play, "Spiritualizing Scripture, The Crime"

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."

-Arthur Schopenhauer

"You will equally understand that most Blacks do not know that The Old and New Testaments historically, geographically, sociopolitically, racially, etc. are part and parcel of their own heritage."

-Dr. Yosef ben Yochannan
Egyptologist, Scholar, Historian, and Author of several books including We the Black Jews

"It is not wrong to go back for that which you have forgotten."

-Ashanti Proverb

"It has long been the object of Egyptologists to discover in the numerous Egyptian monuments still remaining in stone and papyrus, traces of the Israelites, which might show us the events related in the Old Testament from an Egyptian point of view."

-August Eisenlohr, 1872

"The belief of Hebrew Israelites is not based on skin color, it's based on family lineage. I leave you with this scripture: 'For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen ACCORDING TO THE FLESH: WHO ARE ISRAELITES; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;' (Rom. 9:3-4)"

-TheTribeofJudah

"Strictly speaking it is incorrect to call an ancient Israelite a ‘Jew’ or to call a contemporary Jew an Israelite or a Hebrew."

-The Jewish Almanac (1980), p. 3

"And it shall come to pass, that as ye were a curse among the heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong."

-Zechariah 8:13 (Authorized King James Version)

About the Header Picture

The Aleppo Codex is a medieval manuscript of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), associated with Rabbi Aaron Ben Asher. The Masoretic scholars wrote it in the early 10th century, probably in Tiberias, Israel. It is in book form and contains the vowel points and grammar points (nikkudot) that specify the pronunciation of the ancient Hebrew letters to preserve the chanting tradition. It is perhaps the most historically important Hebrew manuscript in existence. This is the text of Joshua 1:1, "Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to pass, that the LORD spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' minister, saying,"(KJV)

Jul 26, 2010

JESUS, JEWS, THE BIBLE AND THE BLACK MAN:

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