GLEANINGS IN HEBREW: December 2010

Dec 4, 2010

Timeline of Bible Translation History

Timeline of Bible Translation History

1,400 BC: The first written Word of God: The Ten Commandments delivered to Moses.

500 BC: Completion of All Original Hebrew Manuscripts which make up The 39 Books of the Old Testament.

200 BC: Completion of the Septuagint Greek Manuscripts which contain The 39 Old Testament Books AND 14 Apocrypha Books.

1st Century AD: Completion of All Original Greek Manuscripts which make up The 27 Books of the New Testament.

315 AD: Athenasius, the Bishop of Alexandria, identifies the 27 books of the New Testament which are today recognized as the canon of scripture.

382 AD: Jerome's Latin Vulgate Manuscripts Produced which contain All 80 Books (39 Old Test. + 14 Apocrypha + 27 New Test).

500 AD: Scriptures have been Translated into Over 500 Languages.

600 AD: LATIN was the Only Language Allowed for Scripture.

995 AD: Anglo-Saxon (Early Roots of English Language) Translations of The New Testament Produced.

1384 AD: Wycliffe is the First Person to Produce a (Hand-Written) manuscript Copy of the Complete Bible; All 80 Books.

1455 AD: Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press; Books May Now be mass-Produced Instead of Individually Hand-Written. The First Book Ever Printed is Gutenberg's Bible in Latin.

1516 AD: Erasmus Produces a Greek/Latin Parallel New Testament.

1522 AD: Martin Luther's German New Testament.

1526 AD: William Tyndale's New Testament; The First New Testament printed in the English Language.

1535 AD: Myles Coverdale's Bible; The First Complete Bible printed in the English Language (80 Books: O.T. & N.T. & Apocrypha).

1537 AD: Tyndale-Matthews Bible; The Second Complete Bible printed in English. Done by John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers (80 Books).

1539 AD: The "Great Bible" Printed; The First English Language Bible Authorized for Public Use (80 Books).

1560 AD: The Geneva Bible Printed; The First English Language Bible to add Numbered Verses to Each Chapter (80 Books).

1568 AD: The Bishops Bible Printed; The Bible of which the King James was a Revision (80 Books).

1609 AD: The Douay Old Testament is added to the Rheims New Testament (of 1582) Making the First Complete English Catholic Bible; Translated from the Latin Vulgate (80 Books).

1611 AD: The King James Bible Printed; Originally with All 80 Books. The Apocrypha was Officially Removed in 1885 Leaving Only 66 Books.

1782 AD: Robert Aitken's Bible; The First English Language Bible (KJV) Printed in America.

1791 AD: Isaac Collins and Isaiah Thomas Respectively Produce the First Family Bible and First Illustrated Bible Printed in America. Both were King James Versions, with All 80 Books.

1808 AD: Jane Aitken's Bible (Daughter of Robert Aitken); The First Bible to be Printed by a Woman.

1833 AD: Noah Webster's Bible; After Producing his Famous Dictionary, Webster Printed his Own Revision of the King James Bible.

1841 AD: English Hexapla New Testament; an Early Textual Comparison showing the Greek and 6 Famous English Translations in Parallel Columns.

1846 AD: The Illuminated Bible; The Most Lavishly Illustrated Bible printed in America. A King James Version, with All 80 Books.

1885 AD: The "English Revised Version" Bible; The First Major English Revision of the KJV.

1901 AD: The "American Standard Version"; The First Major American Revision of the KJV.

1971 AD: The "New American Standard Bible" (NASB) is Published as a "Modern and Accurate Word for Word English Translation" of the Bible.

1973 AD: The "New International Version" (NIV) is Published as a "Modern and Accurate Phrase for Phrase English Translation" of the Bible.

1982 AD: The "New King James Version" (NKJV) is Published as a "Modern English Version Maintaining the Original Style of the King James."

2002 AD: The English Standard Version (ESV) is Published as a translation to bridge the gap between the accuracy of the NASB and the readability of the NIV.

This English Bible History Article & Timeline is ©2002 by author & editor: John L. Jeffcoat III. Special thanks is also given to Dr. Craig H. Lampe for his valuable contributions to the text. This page may be freely reproduced or quoted, in whole or in part, in print or electronically, under the one condition that prominent credit must be given to “WWW.GREATSITE.COM” as the source.

Photo: A true Replica of the 1611 KJV of the Holy Bible

HEBREW ROOTS: Claiming My Heritage

"The Ashanti people of West Africa are descendants of group of people who used to live in an ancient city named Ashan. The "ti" on the end of the name Ashan means "children of", which makes the Ashanti people children of Ashan. This city is first written about by the prophet Joshua in chapter fifteen of his book. Joshua 15 discusses the territory /cities of the kingly tribe of Judah. Verse one says 'This then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by their families...etc.' Joshua goes on to give the borders and boundaries of Judah. Verse 20 says 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families.' From this point Joshua begins to name the families that make up the kingly tribe of Judah. In verse 42 the city of Ashan is listed as one of the families.

The people of Ashan left Israel between the years 70 and 135 C.E. to escape Roman persecution. The children of Ashan traveled south-west across the Egyptian desert (i.e.. The Sinai) down through Ethiopia and then west across L. Chad, Nigeria and finally settling in the "Gold Coast of West Africa" south of the Upper Volta. Throughout their travels and encounter with other kingdoms the Ashanti people lost various parts of their Judaic faith including the Torah the Prophets and the Holy Writings. When the Ashanti arrived in West Africa all they had left was the oral laws and a few traditions. The Ashanti established a West African Jewish kingdom that stretched from the below the Upper Volta to modern day Angola.

The Ashanti are not the only African tribe of people who share this peculiar history. There is also the Yoruba, Ewe, Bantu, Fulani, the people of the Songhois kingdom and the Ibo of Nigeria as well as many, many more."

Conclusions drawn from HEBREWISMS OF WEST AFRICA
Joseph J. Williams
This extract was taken from an undisclosed titled paper

"These facts have peculiar significance when the presence of Judaism among American Negroes is to be considered. Hundreds of thousands of slaves were brought to America from this Western Africa during the days of the traffic, beginning nearly four hundred years ago." The author also shares: “How much more of Judaism survived among West African Negroes in that earlier time? As persecuted communities, they were rather more in danger than other Negroes of being raided by war parties and sold as slaves. It may be considered certain that many partially Judaized Negroes were among the slaves in America. How many of them might still hold some Jewish customs in their new is another question."

THE LOST TRIBES A MYTH: SUGGESTIONS TOWARDS REWRITING HEBREW HISTORY
Dr. Allen H. Godbey

"And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you."

THE HOLY BIBLE
Authorized King James Version

Israel: Mind-Shaking Facts

The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1925 edition, Vol. 5, page 41, states "Edom is in modern Jewry."

H. G. Wells, in his classic work OUTLINE OF HISTORY verifies that millenniums ago the Edomites became "Jews." But then he goes on and gives us another trail to follow in correctly identifying the people today "who call themselves Jews." He says that these "Idumeans" joined with a "Turkish" people of Southern Russia (the Khazars), who also "became Jews," and BOTH make up the present day "Jews." Mr. Wells concludes, "The main part of Jewry NEVER WAS IN JUDEA AND HAD NEVER COME OUT OF JUDEA!"

Prof. Roland B. Dixon, of Harvard, wrote in 1923, "The most important single factor, however, in the differentiation of these Jews of the Asiatic borderland...WAS THE CONVERSION TO Judaism IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY OF THE KHAZARS. In these (Khazars )...We may in all probability see the origin of the great mass of the east European Jews of today."

Arthur Koestler, in THE THIRTEENTH TRIBE, p. 16, states, "Majority of Eastern European Jews are Khazar and Japhetic in origin, not Semitic."

...With that said, let us consider these facts:

Flavius Josephus, in his ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, says in Book XI, Chapter V, "Wherefore there are but two tribes in Asia and Europe subject to the Romans, while the ten tribes are beyond the Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers."

Isaac Leiser, in THE JEWISH RELIGION, Vol. 1, page 256, writes, "By this return of the captives (from Babylon) the Israelite nation was not restored, SINCE THE TEN TRIBES...WERE YET IN BANISHMENT."

The 1905 JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, Vol. 21, page 249 reads: "If the Ten Tribes have disappeared, they must exist UNDER A DIFFERENT NAME."

THE JEWISH CHRONICLE, May 2, 1879: "There has always been, however, an unwillingness to admit that a fate which has befallen so many nations has overtaken the Ten Tribes. Why should they have been less tenacious of life than their brethren of Judah? Nay, the Scriptures speak of a future restoration of Israel, which is clearly to include both Judah and Ephraim. THE TEN TRIBES ARE CERTAINLY IN EXISTENCE, ALL THAT HAS TO BE DONE IS TO DISCOVER WHICH PEOPLE REPRESENT THEM." (emphasis added .)

Hence, this is my objective to IDENTIFY them.

"...for there is nothing covered that shall not be revealed: and hid, that shall not be known. What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on the housetops" (Jesus the Messiah of Israel, in Matthew 10:26,27)

Strength For The Journey

"Black Americans now are in position as never before in modern history to rediscover, and reclaim if they wish, a heritage which has profoundly influenced world history and mankind: the Hebrew heritage of Black Africa."

-Steven Jacobs, European Jewish historian
Author of The Hebrew Heritage of Black Africa: Fully Documented

"And wait until you see what He’s (God) going to do with Israel. He’s going to stun the world, that’s what. What could be more spiritual than Israel coming into her promised kingdom? Man, don’t let anybody spiritualize away that blessed truth. That truth is spiritual!"

-Martin Zender
Author of the short play, "Spiritualizing Scripture, The Crime"

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."

-Arthur Schopenhauer

"You will equally understand that most Blacks do not know that The Old and New Testaments historically, geographically, sociopolitically, racially, etc. are part and parcel of their own heritage."

-Dr. Yosef ben Yochannan
Egyptologist, Scholar, Historian, and Author of several books including We the Black Jews

"It is not wrong to go back for that which you have forgotten."

-Ashanti Proverb

"It has long been the object of Egyptologists to discover in the numerous Egyptian monuments still remaining in stone and papyrus, traces of the Israelites, which might show us the events related in the Old Testament from an Egyptian point of view."

-August Eisenlohr, 1872

"The belief of Hebrew Israelites is not based on skin color, it's based on family lineage. I leave you with this scripture: 'For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen ACCORDING TO THE FLESH: WHO ARE ISRAELITES; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;' (Rom. 9:3-4)"

-TheTribeofJudah

"Strictly speaking it is incorrect to call an ancient Israelite a ‘Jew’ or to call a contemporary Jew an Israelite or a Hebrew."

-The Jewish Almanac (1980), p. 3

"And it shall come to pass, that as ye were a curse among the heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong."

-Zechariah 8:13 (Authorized King James Version)

About the Header Picture

The Aleppo Codex is a medieval manuscript of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), associated with Rabbi Aaron Ben Asher. The Masoretic scholars wrote it in the early 10th century, probably in Tiberias, Israel. It is in book form and contains the vowel points and grammar points (nikkudot) that specify the pronunciation of the ancient Hebrew letters to preserve the chanting tradition. It is perhaps the most historically important Hebrew manuscript in existence. This is the text of Joshua 1:1, "Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to pass, that the LORD spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' minister, saying,"(KJV)